pennink



.l. M, K. PENNINK.

DISK ENGINE.

APPLICATION man FEB.'24. 1911.

1 ,323,907. Patented Dec. 2, 1919.

7) whim a v 25mm Q v Ljkan )[Penrz'znk J. M. K. PENNINK.

DISK ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 24.1917- 1. 323,907. Patented Dec. 2, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3- Inverfion lz zzzu'iz I D ATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHAN MATHIAS KAREL PENNINK; or arisrnnnmvnnnrnEnmnns.

' DISK ENGINE.

1,323,907, i Specification of Letters Patent.

' Patented Dec. 2, 19.19

Application filed February 24,1917. Serial No. 150,861.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J OHAN vMA'rHrAs KAREL PEN INK, subject of the Queen of the Netherlands, residing at Amsterdam, Kingdom of the Netherlands, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in and Relating to- Disk Engines and thelike, of which the following is a specification.

I This invention relates to disk engines and the like having a disk formed by a ring, surrounding a ball or sphere and arranged in an equator plane of said ball or sphere,

and two cone surfaces which are in perma'nent rotatlve engagement wlth said ring formed disk by means of teeth or folds pro vided both in or on the surface of the disk and in or on same ofthe cones. These teeth or foldsdistribute the shifting movement of the disk with regard to the cone surfaces, due to the fact that the periphery at the base of the cones is smaller than same of the disk, uniformly, so that the movement of the disk is rendered uniform, the exactness of this distribution being. dependent on the number of teeth or folds and increasing with said number.. The engagement of the disk and the cone surfaces thus obtained is a particularly tight one. For though the play between the teeth produces'a passage for the fluid between the disk and the surfaces of the cones when the engine isat rest, said passage will be closed as soon as the-pressure at the inlet end of the engine rises, the disk then being turned alittle about its pole axis, thus causing theteeth to engage each other. w

The shape of the teeth or folds'inknown disk engines is the same for the. disk and the cones and comprises triangular teeth with rounded edges and an obtuse top, which may be interchangeable. This shape is not fit for practicaluse as on the one hand it produces too' much frictionand on the other hand it does not insure a fluid tight engagement to be obtained, the latter fact being' a serious objection, particularly when high pressures'are employed.

The object of the invention is to overcome this objection and at the same time to provide a form of folds and teeth which may be employed for disk engines of large dimensions, without complicating their construction.

According to the inventionthere are provided on the cone surfaces anumber of folds tures.

of circular or approximately circular cross section, said folds converging to the top of the cones, while the disk is formed by a flat plate having a number of radially converging teeth, either integral with the plate or interchangeable, equal to the number of foldsfin the cone surfaces, the cross section of each tooth being shaped substantially as an isosceles trapezium with base angles of and a top rounded in conformity with the shape of the folds in the cone surfaces. This shape of teeth avoids jamming, and also secures a very tight-engagement. V

The present invention relates to improve ments on the structure of disk engines disclosed by. my prior BritishPatent No. 11,825 of 191% In this patent the shape of the teeth of the disk 2 is the same as the folds in the surface of the cones 18. is not. adapted .to be applied to disk engines of larger dimensions and operating with a greater difference between the inlet andexhaust and pressure. Thepresent invention also embodies improvements on the structure disclosed in my U. S. Patent, No. 1,182,033, dated May 9,1916. The present improvements give the disk enginea larger scope and are adapted to compensate for a greater difference between inlet and exhaust and pressure than contemplated by the said previous foreign and U. S. patented struc- The invention will now be" described with reference to the annexed drawings. 1

Figures 1+8 represent a" diagrammatic viewlof the teeth andfolds obtained by developingfthe teeth on rotative member hav-- ing a cylindrical surface the axis of which coincides with the pole axis of a disk movably cooperating with said member. 7

Figs. 1-6 show the invention as adaptable to an engine operated asalmotor.v

Figs. 7 and 8 showthe invention-adaptable to an engine operated asa pump. Fig. 1 also shows the way in'which. the shape of the teeth and folds is designed. Fig. 9 isa verticalasection through .a'

water meter embodying the features-of the invention.

Fig. 10 is-a plan view of the lower half of the meter with the disk removed. I w

,Fig. l1is a d'etail'view? of the disk. 7 As in the. structure of my British patent hereinbefore, mentioned -and .of which. the present invention is an improvement, there This shape is provided in the present instance ahollow ball or sphere, or member 1 of metal of com- 7 paratively large diameter and has the improved disk 2 mounted to operate therein. The disk 2 is preferably made in two halves,

and then accurately finished. The ball at twodiametrically opposite places is pro vided" with hemispherical recesses 3, in "one I of which the ball 4: is inserted-which rests In the working chamberj10 of the'ca'si ng 79 there is provided a radial partition 11 extending up to the surface of the ball '1 and engaged or embraced by the disk 2, which latter is radially slotted-at this point without, however, the disk touchingithe partition. The disk may turn about is'not jammed either diametrically or axially, or it may freely roll and execute a swinging or rocking movement. I I r 1 The top-l5 and the bottom 16 of tliecasing 7 9 'Wl'llCh if desired may be made 1n several parts; are cone-shaped and' limit the throwbf-the disk 2,}both-in an upward direction and in -a downward direction. In large meters the measuring chamber 10 is made, fiuidltight in relation to the disk crank preferably by means of packings;

At both sides of the partition 11, the inlet 0 and the outletd respectivelyfor the driving medium open into the working chamber 10 of the casing. -Assuming the disk occupies the position shown in Fig. 1, so that it'bearson the right hand side of the 7 top, andon the left hand side at the bottom against the cones le, 1 6'and assumingthat the inlet a is now'opened, then a rolling movement about the" two cones is imparted to the disk by the entering current'of gas or liquid. The'disk-may move either forwardly or backwardly with material advantagein connectingthe machine to a motive medium supply source;

- In order to renderthe water meter water tight at the commencement of the measur- 1 ng .ope'ration, the hall or sphere l may be allowed 'to bear'by means of a platespring V '30 against the partition 11, which spring may, if desired, besecured'to the sphere 1. By this means the disk will be pushedj to ward the "left so that 311i least one too'th of the disk bears 'against one; tooth 'of the conical: surface thus forming a leakage tight-golnt, sothat. the rollingmo'vement of the disk 'immediately commences' when the water starts....tot:flowi :11...

oThe'non-symmetry, of the disks 2 forms a disadvantage for a very rapid movement, which particularly occurs with gas currents. This disadvantage may be eliminated in the following simple manner, namely by arranging a second partition 31 diametrically opposite, the partition 11. The disk2 is thenpro vided on this side with a slot 32 similarito the slotl2 provided on the left hand side, the same, however, being made not so broad. The gascurrent is" passed around the partition 31 through a side channel 38. By means of this arrangement the disk 2 is completely balancedi The cone surface which is in rotative engagement with the disk isindicated' by a. After having ado'pted a number of teeth'for the disk and offolds for the cones, the periph ery of the base of each cone is divided in a corresponding number of equal portions b,--semi-circles o being described on each portion b. The radius of these semi-circles 0" decreases in the direction of the'top of the cone, that means that the cross-section ofv the folds in the conesurfaces decreases toward the conetops (the cone top is an imaginary; point as the cone surfaces belong to truncated cones)-. '-The edges between thefolds are rounded so' that the r V rounded edges are situated on-a circled:

The plane'e in' the middle of the'thickness of the disk2 is ajtangent-plane' to the circle'a. {If this plane e -'is folded's'oasto form folds of a semi-circular cross section,

the cl1a1neten'ofwlnch is'comprlsed m ths" periphery'ofthe disk anequal number of times as the diameter of the folds in the cone surfaces is comprised inthe periphery of 'thefbase of said cones andif further-V more the folded plane 6 thusobtained is given a certain thickness by forming on either side of said folded plane eequidis .ta'ntfolded surfaces, the cross section of the folds of said surfaces being formed by circlesfhaving a smaller and circlesg having a larger radius thanthe imaginary foldsiof the plane 6, and if finally thegeo metrical locus 72, of the centers of the circles-g and f forming the-folds on .oneiside I of the diskare shifted a predetermined dis 'tance' l vertically to the geometrical locus i 0f the-centers of the circles forming the foldsontheother side of the disk, a profile or section is obtained from which the pro filefor section according to the invention maybe derived by flattening the folds sy1nmetrically along tangent lines to fthe smaller circles f, said tangent=lines inclosing an angle the plane 6. If the ;top-of the teeth 3'of the disk might differ too much from the 0f approximately 60- with shape ofthefolds o-inthe'cones, the top of the. teeth is roundedaccordingly, where-.: as the superfluous depth ofthe folds in: the

1 disk is nutioff: along-tangent .Z to the circle d, which is the geometrical locus of the tops of therounded-edges of the cone surfaces. The distance between these tangent lines Z may be 'used for giving the required constructional thickness to the body of the .disk 2. The teeth 3 of said disk may be either integral with the body 2 of the disk or they may be formed as separate pieces connected 6. gnby means of dovetail connectionsto the body 2 of the disk, the latter-construction being preferred for large engines. In the drawings the projecting parts of the dovetail connections are integral with the body of the disk, the grooved parts of-the connections being provided in the teeth; it will be understood, that it would be possible to form the grooves in a r the body of the diskand to provide the projecting dovetails to the teeth.

Theposition of the disk as illustrated in Fig. 1 is the position of rest, 2'. e. the teeth of the disk and the folds of the cone arenot yet pressed. upon'each other and cons quently there is a free passage left between the disk and the cones.

As soon as (assuming motor operation) the disk 2, 3 is subject to a pressure operating in the direction of the arrows p, the disk is turned asmall amount about its pole axis and is pressed at 9 onto the surface of the cone (Fig. 2). Then the disk begins to rotate and it takes up successively the positions shown in Fig. 3 and in Fig. 4. In the latter position the room 1 inclosed between two successive teeth and the corresponding folds is decreased, or in other words the fluid contained in said room r is compressed. During rotation always the .-'avoid any direct passage of high pressure foremost point of contact is the axis of momental rotation and consequently the contact between cone and disk will be tight at that point. Consequently the decrease of volume of the room 1' and the compres sion produced by said decrease will make the pressure of the foremost teeth against the corresponding edge of the cone increase and at the same time said compression will fluid to the exhaust side. In short the compression will always operate exactly. in the direction opposite to the direction in which high pressure fluid will try to reach the exhaust.

In comparing Figs. 4, 5, and 6 a similar compression will be found to be produced when the next teeth are engaging the next folds, this time the compression being effected in the room 8. By choosing the dimensions of the disk in such a manner, that at normal pressure a slight deformation or bending is obtained the engagement will be still more tight. 7

When the engine operates as amotor the direction of rotation of the disk is the same as the direction of, decrease of pressure.

When however theengine is operated as a pump the direction of rotation is opposite to the: direction of decrease of pressure. Figs. 7 and 8 relate to the operation of the engine as a pump. In Fig; 7 the direction of compression is indicated by the arrow 25 the fluid trying to escape to the low pressure or suction side in the direction of thearrow a. -As a pum (rotation'to the left) the disk'hasits pomt of close contact 'with the cone always at the last teeth which is in engagement with the folds, consequently the room 2: in which compression takes place is closed tightly at the suction side. Then the compression itself insures a tight engage.

ment. The direction in which the fluid com pressed in the room 0; will try to escape from said room is oppositeto the direction in ,form of lemniscates. The theoretically eX- act shape of the folds .in th cone surfaces would be the shape which corresponds exactly with the lemniscates described by the teeth of the disk. The shape of teeth and folds according to the invention however insures a practically fluid tight engagement together with a minimum of friction and by natural wear it approximates the theoretically exact shape mentioned.

To render the edge of the disk fluid tight with respect to the housing it may be provided with one or more piston springs. What I claim is: 1. In a device of the class specified, a

- spherical casing, .a disk member, and a pair of cone devices substantially semi-circular in cross-section and having surfaces in rotative engagement with said disk member and provided with folds having a cross section decreasing toward the top of said cone devices, the disk member having radially converging teeth on opposite sides with rounded top to forma fluid tight engagement with the folds of the cone devices, the

folds of the cone devices being shaped to core respond substantially to the curves described by the teeth of the disk memberduring rotation of the latter.

2. In a device of the class specified, a spherical casing, a disk member having radially converging teeth at opposite sides thereof, the said teeth being substantially of isosceles trapezium shape with base angles of approximately 60 and a rounded top, and a pair of cone devices-having folds sub stantially semi-circular in cross section and decreasing toward the top of said cones, the

saidfolds being in engagement with the disk and thefold's thereof shaped to corres pond substantially to the curves described by the teeth of the disk during rotation.

5 Adevice of the olassset. forth compris-. ing a spherical casing having'a disk consisting of aflat annular plate surrounding the-same and arranged substantially in an tative engagement with the disk and formed with folds of'a substantially semi-circular cross sectional contour decreasing toward the topv of the cone devices and shaped to correspond. substantially to the curves de scribed by the teeth of the disk duringros tation; ,j

4. A device of the class set forth comprising' a spherical casing having a; disk consisting of a flat-annular plate surrounding the same and arranged substantially. in can equatorqplane thereof, the disk provided with radi'ally converging teeth having .a

cross section of substantially isosceles trapeziumsha'pe with base angles of approximately 60 anda rounded top, the teeth of 1 the disk being removably associated with the latter through the medium .of, interactlng dovetail PIO16Ctl0nSflI1dgI'OOVfi-3S, a pair of cone deviceshaving surfaces in rotative engagement with the disk and formed With folds of as'ubstantially semi-circular cross sectional contour decreasing; toward 1 the top of the cone devices and'shaped-ito correspond substantiallyrto the curves described by the teeth of the disk duringrotation, and spring means inserted casing. i In testimony whereof I have.- hereunto set my hand in, resence offtvvo subscribing 47 witnesses.

V Witnesses: V

D. KLEYN, EUGENE 'NABEL-I- between the disk and the I Joinu-nlrii-ns xiii- 11 remark; 

